The Equivalent Models in the Sequence Domain of Grid-Forming Converters based on the Virtual-Flux Orientation

The growing installation of inverter-based generation capacity is provoking the displacement of synchronous generators (SGs) in electrical grids. Grid-forming converters (GFCs) will become an important component of power systems, as they are capable of providing a stable reference for the grid frequency and voltage control. However, the inverter fault response is significantly different from that of SGs. As a result, the equivalent sequence models of inverters must be studied in order to fully understand their behavior and properly design protection and control schemes. This paper analyzes the equivalent sequence models obtained for the novel GFC control scheme based on virtual-flux orientation.