I. Introduction
The transportation sector has long been a significant source of greenhouse gas and criteria pollutant emissions. In recent times, significant advances in vehicle electrification have opened up opportunities to considerably reduce emissions from this sector. As on-road vehicles become more environment-friendly, the contribution of off-road vehicles such as construction equipment to emission inventories gradually becomes larger [1]. Electrifying off-road construction equipment may seem a natural continuation of vehicle electrification efforts, but that is still not the case for most equipment types. Commercially available electric construction equipment tend to be on the compact (25 horsepower or less) side, and the few electrified offerings for heavy-duty construction equipment subscribe primarily to diesel-electric or hybrid technologies [2]. Thus, assessing the electrification potential of different equipment types in terms of required battery size and charging power level based on their activity and energy demands is essential.