I. Introduction
With the advancement of technology, wireless communication enables us to interact and communicate with people and gadgets from anywhere in the world, and has become a crucial aspect of our daily life. From mobile phones and Wi-Fi to GPS and remote controls, the applications of wireless communication are diverse and continue to evolve and expand. There are numerous useful uses for wireless communication, such as medical monitoring equipment, which includes fitness trackers and heart rate monitors. These gadgets provide real-time data via wireless transmission to a computer or mobile device for analysis and tracking [1]. An interconnected network of physical objects, such as machinery, vehicles, and other goods, is referred to as the Internet of Things (IoT) [2]. Wireless communication plays a crucial role in the IoT, connecting these devices and transmitting data. GPS (Global Positioning System) receivers use wireless communication to receive signals from the GPS satellites. It is very much essential to incorporate high data rate communication systems in underwater systems. In the above case, the communication mainly occurs in the wireless medium, which requires a very large bandwidth [3]. An expanded frequency range and enhanced data rates up to several gigabits per second are both possible with 5G wireless systems. Additional bands allocated for 5G communications from the fourth generation (4G) band include n78 (3.3-3.6 GHz), also known as the sub-6 GHz band and offering a greater data rate than the 4G LTE (Long Term Evolution) frequency band. The millimeter wave bands come next (26, 28, 40, 50, and 66 GHz). Additionally, 5G communication technology is crucial in the Internet of Things (IoT) space because these gadgets need a higher data rate to function. As a result, there is a growth in demand for compact antennas with greater bandwidth suitable for IoT devices. [4].
Architectural layout of rfid system.