Radiation-hardened triple-modular redundant field programmable gate array with a two-phase clock

Radiation-hardened very large scale integrations (VLSIs) have become widely necessary for use in space systems, radiation medicine, high-energy physics research, nuclear power plants, decommissioning operations at nuclear power plants, and for the designs of future nuclear fusion reactors. Nevertheless, conventional radiation-hardened VLSIs have retained extreme vulnerability to radiation, with total-ionizing-dose (TID) tolerances limited to 1–20 kGy. Therefore, this paper presents a proposal to increase the TID toler-ance of a radiation-hardened field programmable gate array (FPGA) using a triple-modular redundant configuration function driven by a two-phase non-overlapping clock. Experiment results show that the FPGA has achieved a TID tolerance of 7.3 MGy, which is 365-7,300 times higher than that of existing radiation-hardened VLSIs.