Uncertainty Dealing Energy Management of a PV and Battery Supplied Grid Connected Charging Service Station for a Fleet of Mobile Charging Oriented EVs | IEEE Conference Publication | IEEE Xplore
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The growing importance of mobile charging electric vehicles (MCEVs) highlights the need for effective energy management strategies and infrastructure to support their dep...Show More
Metadata
Abstract:
The growing importance of mobile charging electric vehicles (MCEVs) highlights the need for effective energy management strategies and infrastructure to support their deployment. Efficiently designed depots, equipped with various energy resources, play a crucial role in meeting the energy demands of these vehicles. This paper presents a comprehensive energy management strategy for depots designed to supply the energy requirements of a MCEV fleet. The proposed methodology accounts for multiple energy resources, including photovoltaic (PV) panels, diesel generators, battery-based energy storage systems (ESSs), and bi-directional power flow with the upstream grid. Additionally, it addresses uncertainties in PV production through a rolling horizon approach within the mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) framework of the optimization problem. The main contributions of this study include the development of a comprehensive energy management strategy for MCEV fleet depots, the introduction of a multiple objectives-based optimization framework, and the demonstration of the effectiveness of the proposed methodology in various case studies.
The relevant nomenclature for the developed approach is depicted in Tables I–III.
Sets
h
Set of rolling horizons.
n
Set of MCEVs.
t
Set of time periods.
Parameters
Binary parameters for the selection of the objective.
AELn
Arrival energy level of MCEV n [kWh].
BELinit
Initial energy level of ESS battery [kWh].
BELmin
Minimum energy level of ESS battery [kWh].
CE
Charging efficiency.
Cycle
Max
Maximum cycle number of ESS battery.
DE
Discharging efficiency.
EDn
Energy demand of MCEV n [kWh].
CapBat
Capacity of ESS battery [kWh].
Lim
Batpower
Charging/discharging power limit of ESS battery [kW].
Lim
Diesel
Power limit of diesel generator [kW].
Lim
Grid
Bi-directional power limit for transactions between gric and depot [kW].
MCEVDtot
Total energy demand of MCEVs [kWh].
PV power production in period t[kW].
SCn
Storage capacity of MCEV n[kWh].
Arrival time of MCEV n.
Departure time of MCEV n.
Time granularity [h].
Battery cycle cost [Euro/kWh cycle].
Cost of buying energy from the grid in time period t [Euro/kWh].
Cost of fuel consumption for diesel generator [Euro/kWh].
Cost of selling energy back to the grid in time period t [Euro/kWh].
Variables
BELt
Energy level of ESS battery in period t[kWh]
Upward energy level deviation for ESS battery based on charging action in period t[kWh].
Downward energy level deviation for ESS battery based on discharging action in period t[kWh].
GCR
Green charging ratio for the demand of MCEVs.
nEBC
Number of equivalent cycles for ESS battery.
Charging power of ESS battery in period t [kW].
Discharging power of ESS battery in period t [kW].
The portion of ESS battery discharging power directed to the grid in period t [kW].
The portion of ESS battery discharging power allocated for MCEV charging in period t [kW].
The power injected from the depot back to the grid in period t [kW].
Power of diesel generator in period t [kW]
Charging power of MCEVs in period t [kW].
Individual charging power of MCEV n in period t [kW].
The power drawn from the grid by the depot in period t [kW].
The portion of power drawn by the depot from the grid allocated for ESS battery charging in period t [kW].
The portion of power drawn by the depot from the grid allocated for MCEV charging in period t [kW].
The portion of PV power allocated for ESS battery charging in period t [kW].
The portion of PV injected back to the grid in period t [kW].
The portion of PV power allocated for MCEV charging in period t [kW].
Binary variables to prevent the simultaneous occurrence of grid-to-depot/depot-to-grid as well as ESS batter charging/discharging conditions in period t, respectively.