Adjustable beam antenna using high impedance surface with graphene parts and photonic bandgap for THz applications

A reconfigurable beam terahertz antenna, applying graphene, is designed and investigated. The presented design consists of a circular loop antenna mounted on a multilayer structure composed of a high impedance surface, with circular configuration and composed of metal and graphene parts, and a photonic bandgap layer. A reconfigurable main beam is achieved as the chemical potential of the designed HIS sections are varied between 0 and 1eV and, the photonic bandgap provides return loss improvement and gain enhancement due to reduction of surface waves loss. The performance of the designed antenna is investigated through the gain, radiation pattern and reflection coefficient parameters. The results show that main beam of the loop antenna is adjusted in 25 directions of different elevation and azimuth angles and, the maximum gain of 6.57 dBi at 1 THz with 22-degrees tilt on ϕ = 0 plane is achieved.