Design of Reconfigurable Frequency Synthesizer Memristor Based Hybrid NCO for Hardware Security Applications

In System on Chips (SoCs), significant signals like cosine, sine, Linear Frequency Modulated (LFM), Gaussian, etc. are utilizing a numerically controlled oscillator (NCO) to produce on-chip. There are two methods for producing these signals: analogue circuitry or by digital circuitry. These signals are produced in a digital system using a numerically Controlled Oscillator (NCO), which converts them to analogue signals using a Digital to Analogue Converter (DAC). The crucial frequency translation required to extract the information from a digitally modulated signals are carried out by a Digital down Converter (DDC). The Numerically Controlled Oscillator (NCO), which is essential to the system's performance in digital down conversion, is the key element. Hence, in this design of reconfigurable frequency synthesizer memristor based hybrid NCO for hardware security applications is implemented. A wide range of frequencies are created by the NCO utilizing a fixed time period. By using a ROM (Read Only Memory) Look Up Table (LUT), it produces sine values. One of the primary issues is the size of the LUT as it must store sufficient sine samples to generate sine values at various frequencies. Therefore, the sine output's bandwidth will be constrained by the size of the LUT. For the hybrid NCO, a development of state technique is recommended. Outputs are produced to show the sine and cosine values as we move through the states. To produce different frequency outputs, the state machine is timed with a changing clock signal. The remaining portion of the sinusoid may be produced by using the proper sign convention, and only a quarter of the sine/cosine function has to be saved.