I. Introduction
The introduction of affordable, lightweight flight controls and sensors such as gyroscopes, magnetometers, and accelerometers in the late 2000s led to the emergence of the first quadcopters. These advancements made it possible to manufacture and operate unmanned aerial vehicles that were portable, could be moved both indoors and outdoors, and were widely used for various applications. However, stability and control were initially poor in these quadcopters, leading to the development of more reliable sensors and designs. These improvements aimed to enhance the quadcopter’s stability and control, enabling it to fly at a specified height. One of the challenges faced at this stage was the complexity of the microcontrollers being employed, leading to mistakes in the controller’s output. To address these challenges, the BMP085 (pressure + altitude) sensor and gyroscope were added to the quadcopter’s flight control system. These sensors assisted the microcontroller in controlling the quadcopter’s grip at a specified altitude, improving its stability and control. Overall, these advancements in quadcopter technology have contributed to the development of more efficient and reliable unmanned aerial vehicles. Further research and improvements in the quadcopter’s control system and sensors can enhance its capabilities and potential for various applications.