A Survey on Device to Device Communications and the Impact on the 5G Networks Operators

Cellular communication networks have evolved as a result of a constant need to expand network capacity in order to meet the subscribers increasing needs, in the next years, the number of devices is predicted to be raised, there are expected to be more than 125 billion linked devices by 2030. These many connections are anticipated to be of various types, requiring faster throughput rate, less delays, increased network capacity, and better throughput. The mobile network operators (MNOs) must use their limited spectrum resources flexibly in order to meet growing demand, particularly for Fifth Generation (5G) technology. Device to Device (D2D) communication was one of the emerging options recently offered. Various D2D methods have been suggested, including inband and outband D2D transmission types. The major aspects of D2D communication are covered in this paper, including its use applications, design, functional specifications, and current research areas.