Performance Analysis of an Optimization-based Localization Algorithm for the 3D Spiral Deployed Wireless Sensor Network

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) can be used to detect, collect, process, and transmit data. The majority of WSN applications revolve around a few issues of localization. A 3D node’s minimum transmission range is 25 meters. It has been found that node density has an impact on transmission range. The transmission range increases as node density rises. As a result, 3D space has a higher transmission distance than 2D space. The proposed approach is consequently applied in a 3D scenario. The disadvantages of the fundamental Distance Vector-Hop algorithm are minimized by the localization approach in this study, which is based on Class Topper Optimization (CTO). The results show that our suggested approach greatly outperforms certain already used methods in terms of lowering localization error (0.09%), lowering localization error variance (0.07%), and improving localization accuracy (0.06%).