Trust Value-Based Energy-Efficient Routing Protocol to Improve Lifetime in Heterogeneous WBAN

Pervasive computation plays an integral part in WBANs. Along with pervasive methodologies, bio-sensors are available in a range of shapes and sizes, and depending on the state of the patient, multiple sensors can be inserted in, on, or around the human body to monitor, store, and relay vital signs for further investigation, judgments, and treatment. The tracking of patients’ vital signs, as well as the time it takes to generate results, are essential components of the WBAN’s integration into ubiquitous computing technologies. To ensure low power consumption, high precision of collected data, low latency, high efficiency, higher throughput with efficient bandwidth utilization, and synchronization with other systems and at the same time data must be stored and exchanged with care. To function successfully, a WBAN must first measure the quantity of electricity the device utilizes and then impose energy-efficient operating strategies. Current routing processes, such as the Stable Increased-Throughput Multi-hop Protocol for Link Efficiency (SIMPLE) and Mobility-supporting Adaptive Threshold-based Thermal-aware Energy-efficient Multi-hop Protocol (M-ATTEMPT), can be employed in WBANs by incorporating confidence measures into both the sensor data being monitored and the power levels needed for effective data broadcast to reach the sink. In contrast to Expected Transfers (ETX), this protocol avoids continuous communications and only forwards data of interest to the sink, resulting in minimal power usage and thereby increasing network reliability time, overall network lifetime, throughput, and end to end latency to 0.915 mw, 290 bits/s, and 250 ms, respectively.