An Efficient Concentric Circular Antenna Array Synthesis Using a Meta-Heuristic Optimisation

The design of an efficient concentric circular antenna array (CCAA) is discussed in this article using a meta-heuristic technique. The results certify an improvement regarding the decrement of side lobe level (SLL) in the emission characteristics (far-field) of the designed antenna array. A lower SLL is preferable to prevent intervention in the highly-dense electromagnetic environment of the entire side lobe region. Here, the feeding currents and the inter-elemental lengths among the elements of the CCAA structure are resolved using a well-conceptualised and intelligent algorithm named grey wolf optimization (GWO). In this paper, the design of two CCAA (3-ring) structures is shown in both the absence and presence of the centre element by optimizing the feeding currents and the inter-elemental separation between the CCAA elements. The results obtained are contrasted with those found in the most recent literature. The comparison ensures the superior achievement of the GWO technique-based findings for designing a 3-ring CCAA structure.