Energy Efficient Cluster Head Rotation: A Strategy for Maximizing Network Lifetime in Wireless Sensor Networks

A large variety of networked devices are now available thanks to the wireless technology's quick growth, supporting a variety of applications. The wireless sensor network (WSN) is made up of tiny, battery-powered wireless devices that work together to exchange information over wireless channels to base station (BS). However, the WSN system posses several challenges, one cruicial issue is energy efficiency. The nodes in WSN eventually die because they are battery-powered, which happens to die after a given length of time. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce energy consumption during data exchange in order to provide energy efficiency and lengthen network lifetime. This paper proposes an energy-efficient optimal cluster-based routing approach for extending the network lifetime. The approach employs a cluster head rotation mechanism to balance the energy consumption among sensor nodes and prolong the network lifetime. The cluster head is rotated periodically to distribute the energy consumption among all nodes, thereby preventing nodes from running out of energy. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in terms of energy consumption, network lifetime, and packet delivery ratio compared to existing routing protocols.