Inter-dynode Voltage Optimization of Discrete Dynode Electron Multipliers by Numerical Simulation

In order to improve the performance of discrete dynode electron multipliers, the effect of inter-dynode voltage on device gain was investigated by numerical simulation, and the distribution of inter-dynode voltages was optimized. The investigation results reveal that for an electron multiplier with 11-stage dynodes, when the inter-dynode voltage of the first 10 dynodes is 3.1 times that of the last 1 dynode, it can obtain a higher gain due to the improvement of electric field intensity and electron collection efficiency, whose overall electron collection efficiency and device gain increase by about 63% and 95%, respectively, in comparison with the case of applying the same inter-dynode voltage for all the dynodes.