An Efficient Routing Schema for Internet of Underwater Things/Ocean of Things

Recently, Internet of Underwater Things (IoUT) is a new technology used by researchers to explore underwater phenomena. Information is collected by underwater sensors and sent to the Ocean of Things (OoT) network, which is located on the water surface. OoT floaters then collect the data and send it to coastal stations via radio signals. Since the underwater environment is harsh for telecommunication, one of the current challenges in this architecture is the collected data transmission through the routes that can provide quality of service parameters (e.g., delay and packet loss). Hence, an optimal method is proposed in this article to reduce end-to-end delay and increase packet delivery rate in the hybrid networks of the internet of things and the ocean of things. In the proposed method, the network controller collects the underwater things data and creates the network graph using the capabilities of Software-Defined Network (SDN) architectures. Then, the routing problem is modeled in the form of an Integer Linear Programming (ILP) model to improve the quality of service. The created model is then solved using the Golden Eagle Optimization (GEO) metaheuristic algorithm to find the optimal routes. Finally, the network controller installs the calculated routes on the underwater things to send information to the ocean of things floaters through these optimal routes. In the proposed method, the ocean of things floaters acts as fog nodes and send the received data to the coastal stations after preprocessing operations for analysis. Simulation results show that the proposed method can significantly improve the quality-of-service parameters.