Comprehensive Study on State of Art Energy Efficient Voltage Level Shifters for Multi-VDD Systems

In both analogue and digital systems, the Level Shifter (LS) circuit has emerged as a crucial circuit element. Research papers towards the advancement of LS circuits have multiplied during the last few decades. their applications as well as their performances. As a result, this review article offers an in-depth analysis of the Level shifter design, covering circuit design features as well as several design approaches like testing approach, size methods, layout design process, and circuit evaluation methodology. This study evaluates the most modern LS circuits and to provide performance measurements for them in the last section.