Topographic-Heterogeneous Energy Based (T-HEB) Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor and IoT Based Networks

The transmission of a data packet with the least amount of energy consumption is a significant difficulty since IoT and Millions of low-power sensor nodes make up wireless networks. To solve this problem, several routing protocols are created for WSN. In this article, we initiate a heterogeneous energy-based (HEB) routing protocol known as advanced topography routing protocol for heterogeneous IoT and WSN. Some T-HEB protocol nodes broadcast data directly to the base station, whereas others do so through the clustering mechanism. Based on the node's energy, this technique divides unknown field dimensions into three topographies. We study Z-SEP protocol communication with base station and cluster head selection, and we develop a new cluster head selection method based on residual energy and distance from base station. Base stations are connected to nodes via multi-hop communication. Additionally, in order to compare the T-HEB with the parent protocol, other evaluation scenarios are used, such as moving the base station, using inverted nodes, and using variable node energy. We use the T-HEB and compare it to the widely used Z- SEP and SEP routing protocols. Compare the proposed protocol with its parent protocol by simulation using the MATLAB 2021a simulator. The simulation results show that, compared to existing protocols, the T-HEB protocol I propose improves stability by increasing the number of active nodes, packet delivery rate, and average power consumption.