A Letter Box shaped UWB monopole antenna for future 5G communication systems

The proposed work comprises of an ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna having dimensions of $20 \times 23 \times 1.6 m m^{3}$ with stub components with in radiating patch alongside Defected Ground Structure (DGS) for WLAN band (5.2/5.8 GHz), Wi-MAX band (5.25 GHz –5.85 GHz), bands n77 (3300-4200 MHz), n78 (3300-3800 MHz), and n79 of the sub-6-GHz 5G NR (4400–5000 MHz). The suggested antenna shows the 8.09 GHz (2.99–11.08 GHz) impedance bandwidth with fractional bandwidth (FBW) of 114.99% with assistance of rectangular stubs to achieve lower resonating frequency and to increase operational bandwidth, an open-ended slit has been etched into the partial ground plane. The compact design is created on the economical and convenient FR-4 epoxy substrate material with a loss tangent of 0.02 and a relative permittivity of 4.3 shows a return loss of 24.09 dB at 3.5 GHz and 29.71 dB at 8.5 GHz. At 10.50 GHz, the designed antenna produces a peak gain of around 4.71 dBi and radiation efficiency of 84% at 8.5 GHz. Finally, the final antenna prototype is built, and simulation results are obtained to ensure good agreement with simulation findings.