A Low-Profile UCA Antenna to Generate Conical beam based on OAM Technique for Vehicular Applications

In this paper, a single-layer uniform circular array (UCA) antenna is designed to generate the conical beam (CB) using the orbital angular momentum (OAM) technique for vehicular applications. Unlike traditional techniques, the proposed UCA takes advantage of inherent OAM beam property to generate a CB. The proposed UCA is a single layered structure with a simple feed network. The UCA consists of 2×2 circularly polarized (CP) square patch elements, which are geometrically rotated to generate a CB with OAM mode l=-1 at 5.8 GHz. The CP square patches are geometrically rotated to achieve the required phase excitation. The simulation results indicate a cone-shaped radiation pattern in the elevation plane. A good isolation is achieved between co and cross polarization. A peak gain of 10 dB is observed at the operating frequency of 5.8 GHz.