A Review on Latest Developments in Post-Quantum Based Secure Blockchain Systems

Blockchain systems are cryptographically composed of blocks that hold the information of successive important transactions. The basic security of this information must be provided by the blockchain system used. Blockchains use existing cryptographic systems with proven security. But with quantum computing, many of these encryption systems are rendered ineffective. Cryptographic methods are being developed to provide post-quantum basic security. To compensate for this handicap, in the literature, schemes are designed to ensure the security of the blockchain even after quantum. In this paper, a systematic survey of recently proposed quantum-resistant blockchain structures designed for different platforms and scenarios is presented. The studies examined are given in comparison with the table and analyzed according to the handled problem, used method, and obtained results. Besides, open problems noticed are listed for future directions.