A method with criteria for using modeling and simulation to achieve space systems Integration Readiness Levels

Knowledge concerning the integration process throughout a system life cycle is critical for introducing new technologies. Advances in digital technologies and high-fidelity digital models may lessen investments in physical models to fulfill programmatic requirements when verifying space systems. Digital engineering, model-based systems engineering, and digital twins literature link to this topic. The Integration Readiness Levels (IRL) scale is an emerging good practice that complements the Technology Readiness Levels (TRL) scale in supporting the integration of technologies into a system. IRL has been evolving over the past fifteen years. However, IRL still provides few specific directions on the use of modeling and simulation to achieve its levels. The research objective is to propose a method that suggests whether and under what conditions modeling and simulation could comply with Integration Readiness Levels for space systems. Results show the proposed theory and how it was developed through the design science research method. The proposed method addressed model-based capabilities, system lifecycle processes, and information items in a set of suggested criteria for each IRL and additional considerations. This paper could support practitioners in making decisions about using modeling and simulation to meet Integration Readiness Levels and could support organizations in planning their model-based capabilities.