Adaptive Energy Routing Protocol using Spider Optimization in Wireless Sensor Networks

A WSN is a collection of sensor nodes that monitor and record the condition of the physical atmosphere and compile the obtained information in one place. The Next Generation Networks, which include the Internet of Things, Sensor Control Networks, Ubiquitous Sensor Networks, and Machine-Oriented Communications, use WSN technology as their fundamental foundation. To complete the sensing, communication, and processing functions of WSN, an energy-efficient routing protocol is required to manage the network energy dissipated and to reduce traffic and overhead during data transmission phases. To balance the energy consumption of each Sensor Node in the network, clustering is utilised as a method. The Firefly and Spider Optimization algorithms serve as the foundation for the ensemble bio-inspired technique we offer here. The suggested protocol prevents unnecessary routing messages, which could lead to significant energy waste, by frequently recycling information from the source node into the sink. The ideal route path can be chosen by this routing protocol. The suggested algorithm made use of several characteristics, including node residual energy, inter-cluster distances to the sink, and cluster overlaps, to choose the optimal cluster heads at each round. To achieve the best performance for the network requirements, the parameters of the projected solution can be adaptively modified during the clustering process.