I. Introduction
Precision medicine is a rapidly growing field that aims to improve the effectiveness of medical treatment by tailoring it to the specific characteristics of individual patients. This approach is particularly promising in the field of oncology, where it has the potential to find patient subgroups with similar molecular profiles, lifestyles, and environmental factors with the aim of increasing the success rate of Phase II and III clinical trials. With oncology at the forefront of its development, the use of precision medicine has increased the number of applications in medicine and healthcare. Advances in high-throughput screening methods have enabled the profiling of cancer genomic signatures, providing insight into the molecular characteristics of tumors that can predict response to specific cancer drugs. This has led to improved rates of disease prognosis. Large-scale initiatives that concentrate on drug response in “artificial patients ” (cell lines), such GDSC, CCLE, and NCI60, have also been highly significant in the development of computational techniques for drug response prediction. Additionally, the DREAM challenge has been launched to further advance this field, with many research groups proposing new methods for drug sensitivity prediction.