Integrated Bi-Directional Energy Management Scheme for Electric Vehicle Cluster: A Carbon and Electricity Nexus Perspective

As the possession of electric vehicles gradually increases, the charging and discharging strategies of electric vehicle clusters have attracted a broad range of attention. The large volume of uncontrolled charging of electric vehicles increases the power peak during peak periods of electricity consumption. In this paper, we propose an Integrated Bi-Directional Energy Management Scheme for electric vehicle clusters, based on a carbon and electricity nexus perspective. We model this scenario as a mixed-integer programming problem, which aims to maximize profits while achieving temporal shifting of electric vehicle cluster charging loads to decrease the system peak-to-valley difference. The numerical case study shows t charging and discharging of electric vehicle clusters in work areas, residential areas, and highway charging stations.