Robust Black Start Strategy with a High Share of Renewable Energy Generation

Renewable energy generation is expected to participate in black start in case of blackout events, as they can significantly speed up power system restoration. This paper proposes a startup strategy aiming to improve the black start robustness against uncertainties introduced by wind or photovoltaic power plants. The strategy is composed of a short-term emulation model and a long-term ordered participation model. The short-term model concerns the transient state frequency and voltage stability under black start disturbances. It emulates the regulating capability of the power plants so as to determine if they can withstand the black start events. The long-term model deals with the steady state power and energy balance during black start units ramping. It takes into consideration the uncertainty of wind and photovoltaic power and calculates the confidence power output interval, and thereby prevents generation shortage caused by renewable power fluctuations. Based on the proposed strategy, an ordered participation algorithm is presented for online decision making of black start schemes, which are validated using a practical regional power system based study case. The results show that the proposed method can improve system robustness and stability for black start with wind and photovoltaic power.