A Novel Metaheuristic Approach for Lifetime Enhancement of 3-Tier Wireless Sensor Network

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are used in plenty of applications, for example, measurement of temperature, pressure, humidity, etc. and they are mostly battery powered and deployed in very odd terrain. Hence, it is not always easy to replace or recharge them. Worldwide & extensive use of wireless sensor networks encouraged the need for energy efficient and wellplanned distributed algorithms. A heterogeneous 3-tier model consisting of gateways, sensors, micro sensors has been studied and the results of different energy efficient algorithms have been compared in terms of network lifetime (in rounds), overall energy expenditure (in joules), overall residual energy (in joules), number of packets received by varying the position of base station in the network area to give the best possible solution to energy expenditure of WSNs. The proposed algorithm is experimented and the results have outperformed the distance-based algorithms to present its superiority in regards to lifetime of the network and energy expenditure.