A Comprehensive Review for Optimizing the Design of Cluster Head Selection to Enhance the Network Lifetime in WSN

Large numbers of cooperative sensor nodes make up wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Sensors are the integral component in WSN IoT. Sensors separate and organize in the clusters by similar characteristics. A cluster head is in charge of gathering information from the nodes in every cluster and transmitting it to its base station (BS). Because every node are powered by batteries, lessens energy usage and elongating lifetime of network are crucial concerns for WSN. The primary goals of this analysis are to address issues that previous writers have not addressed and to provide beginning researchers with a fundamental understanding of how to choose cluster head (CH) based on various methodologies. To designate a node as CH, some enhancing parameters are chosen, such as residual energy, packet transmission rate, throughput, distance between BS and Cluster Node (CN), and betweenness centrality. Data packets are transferred using the optimized protocol to reduce delay time and increase transmission rate after many CH are chosen. Analysis of the many literatures was done. An Optimization Algorithm is needed to enhance network lifetime from this analysis. A comparison of various algorithm based on the features and difficulties from the analysis is done. There are many drawbacks, such as a cluster head is chosen at random, data transmission rate is not considered, no proper formation of clusters, importance for load and temperature is not given, stability is not taken into account. Thus, there is a need for optimized algorithm to overcome all the mentioned issues.