A review on recent techniques developed for energy conservation in Wireless Sensor Networks

In modern days, with the fastest growing technology trends, the benefits of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are also increasing rapidly. In these networks, very small-sized wireless sensor nodes are used widely which are capable of sensing and doing computations. These sensor nodes are resource-limited in nature i.e., they have limited storage capacity, power supply, computation capability, bandwidth, etc. WSNs are mostly used in outdoor application areas like environmental monitoring, land mines detections or different military applications where the power supply to the sensor nodes does the major role. In these applications, without any external power supply, the sensor nodes run the whole network by collecting data from its surroundings and also communicate these data to the end-user. Hence, conserving energy for the sensor nodes is one of the most challenging tasks in WSNs. In this paper, we have done detailed study on the existing literature which are proposed with the objective to improve the energy efficiency issue in WSNs. Here, we have selectively highlighted some of the recently proposed methodologies to understand the present research scenario. We have also shown comparative analysis on the techniques and tools which are used to propose these works and their variation of the results are discussed accordingly.