A Wideband Spearhead-Shaped Patch Antenna Evolved from Spline-Based Oval Geometry as Sensor in EMC/EMI Measurement

This paper deals with the bandwidth enhancement of a radiation sensor produced by utilizing a spearhead-shaped patch. The proposed shape of patch intended for electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)/electromagnetic interference (EMI) measurement is generated based on the bandwidth response considerations from the shift of control points on the quadratic Bèzier spline that forms an oval shape of patch. The behavior of each control point, when its coordinates are changed, is investigated and utilized to improve the bandwidth characteristic compared to the oval patch. The combination of shifting several control points on the shape of spearhead patch is then optimized using particle swarm optimization (PSO) method. The optimized spearhead-shaped patch could produce a geometric bandwidth of 215.6% from the frequency of 3.08 GHz to more than 20 GHz.