Impact of Battery Storage System on Voltage Control in Distribution System

In the past few years, there have been some serious concerns regarding climate change, and its adverse effects can be observed in today’s era. Due to this, the use of renewable sources of energy is increasing exponentially. Although renewable energy sources come with significant advantages, the intermittent nature of the supply causes fluctuation in the power supply when connected to the distribution system. High PV penetration during peak generation causes over-voltage problems in the system and may result in outages of the line due to tripping of protection circuits. In this research, controlled use of Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) is proposed to solve the problem of both over-and under-voltage issues due to the intermittent nature of the supply of renewable sources. The coordinated control strategy proposed in this research is a combination of droop control, Weighted Consensus Control (WCC), and Dynamic Consensus Control (DCC) algorithm. The droop control method determines the power shared between BESS and the network, the WCC algorithm is used to determine the BESS participation according to their installed capacity. Finally, the DCC algorithm is used to modify the BESS participation according to the state of charge (SoC) so that the batteries do not saturate or deplete early. Finally, the control strategy is tested on real-time data, and simulation results are considered to check this method’s efficiency.

I. Introduction

In the past few years, conventional energy sources have caused many environmental and energy problems like air pollution, depletion of natural resources, low efficiency, etc. Some serious climate change issues have been observed recently, which can cause great damage to mankind and need to be addressed soon. To decrease the pollution level, renewable sources of energy are used as they are generally more clean and more efficient energy sources. The overall market for solar photovoltaics has constantly been increasing in the last few years and is expected to go much higher in the next decade [1]. Although renewable sources of energy have several technical and environmental advantages like increased energy efficiency, low carbon emission, and more economical but have some disadvantages like power quality issues, over-voltage and under-voltage problems, and mismatch between generation and loads due to the intermittent nature of supply [2]. Modification in the existing protection system is also required as the integration of renewable sources changes the fault level and network topologies.