Two-Way Parabolic Equation Method for Millimeter-Wave Propagation Modeling in Tunnels

Wireless propagation in tunnels has been a decades-old topic of interest. The parabolic equation (PE) method is an established numerical technique that can offer high-fidelity prediction results in tunnels. A three-dimensional radio-wave propagation model for millimeter waves in tunnels is presented based on a two-way split-step scheme parabolic equation method. The model can be applied in tunnels with obstacles through taking into account forward and backward waves. Numerical results are compared in a rectangular waveguide with an obstacle. Validation is also presented against experimental measurements in an actual tunnel.