Capacity Planning of Charging Station Battery Energy Storage System Considering the Resilience of Electric Vehicles

Rapid adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) raises challenges to the reliable service provision of charging stations (CSs). Equipping battery energy storage system (BESS) at CSs could enhance its charging reliability and the EV resilience during power outages. This paper presents a planning method for determining the optimal capacity of BESSs in EVCSs. The proposed method minimizes the cost of the energy storage system, while enhancing the resilience of the EVs at the same time. This problem is formulated as a multi-objective optimization which is solved by particle swarm algorithm. Eastern Massachusetts highway network is utilized to verify the validity of this method. The capacities of four CSs in the road network are optimally determined. We evaluate the resilience of EVs with considering the optimal capacity planning and EVCS outages. The simulation results show that the optimal planning of BESS at EVCSs could be a feasible solution to improve the resilience of EVs.