A Comparative Review: Detection and Classification of Cervical Cancer from Pap-Smear Images

Cervical cancer (CC) is the fourth most frequent cause of death in women. In the past century, cervical cancer incidence and mortality were significantly decreased because of cytology-based screening. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in the cervical area is the main risk factor for the formation of CC. HPV testing was developed as the outcome of the recognition of the human papillomavirus as a critical factor in the development of CC. A fundamental concept in the development of CC is chronic inflammation, which is influenced by HPV proteins both indirectly and directly. The prevalence of cervical cancer will be described generally in this review, along with the reasons why there are variations in the disease’s prevalence and fatality rates. Between 2020 and 2022, a study of the literature was conducted to determine the prevalence of cervical cancer and the causes of its mortality rate differences. Reducing the incidence and death of cervical cancer may be accomplished by addressing these inequities through improved education, improved access to care, and expanded screening and immunization programs.