Decentralized Demand Response in Energy Communities Using Blockchain

In this paper we describe a decentralized demand response solution for energy communities based on blockchain and peer-to-peer energy flexibility trading. The solution is built on top of a blockchain energy ledger that stores and shares energy transactions based energy data of prosumers. The raw energy data are stored off-chain while the blockchain energy transactions are generated hourly using a hashing-based digital fingerprint to ensure tamper-evident registration. Peer-to-peer energy flexibility trading is implemented using smart contracts. The signals for adjusting the prosumers' energy-related behavior are determined as results of self-assessment and flexibility trading on the blockchain market. The program settlement considers the monitored energy data to financial remunerate the community flexibility providers using flexibility tokens. The results show the solution's feasibility in managing such programs by peer-to-peer trading of flexibility.