I. Introduction
Contemporary innovation is fundamentally an interactive and cooperative activity. Knowledge networks enable the transfer and recombination of complex information, ideas and competences, and current scientific breakthroughs are deeply influenced by collective dynamics within teams and organizations [1]–[3]. As individuals specialize in narrower knowledge areas, and as the knowledge frontier keeps shifting, the returns to collaboration increase [4], [5]. Focusing exclusively on individual productivity in innovation systems neglects a key driver of knowledge creation and creates a distorted view of intellectual human capital, with no appreciation of social spillovers and synergies [6]. The composition and configuration of teams is thus an important driver of innovative scientific outputs and, in this context, group heterogeneity and diversity can be an important source of creativity [7], [8].