Different Indoor Localisation Techniques using Smartphones

Indoor localisation is an active area of research with a wide range of potential applications and opportunities. With a focus on smartphone-based implementation, in this paper, a survey on the state of the art techniques used for indoor localisation is performed in detail. In particular, fingerprinting, triangulation, trilateration, hybrid Angle of Arrival (AoA)/ranging, and pedestrian dead reckoning techniques will be discussed for Indoor Positioning Systems (IPS) using smartphone-based technologies. Finally, we will conclude our paper by highlighting the key advantages and disadvantages of each technique followed by possible future directions for IPS in 6G wireless networks.