Distributed Control Scheme for Solar-Powered Serial Water Pumps based on Hidden Markov Model

This study proposes the solar Photovoltaic (PV) pump system in a non-communication grid along with Hidden Markov model to solve the problem of the delayed propagation of serial water pumps that resulted in missing data and a lost package. This distribution system improved the efficiency in communication and system status update throughout the prediction of the light state of neighbor and central station by the probability of the combination via the n-state Markov chain. As a result, the proposed method promised to improve the accuracy of prediction in non-communication states of solar-powered serial water pumps and reduce the communication loss over average time compared to previous work.