Detection of Mineral (Ca/Fe) Concentration in Blood Using the Complex Bioimpedance

The objective of this paper was to implement a portable, small, minimally invasive system for detecting blood mineral concentrations. The goal was to find a relationship between impedance changes in solutions with different iron and calcium concentrations to subsequently find a correlation between the impedance of a healthy patient’s blood and blood with a mineral deficiency or excess. The system was built around the AD5933 integrated circuit, which validated complex bioimpedance well. The prototype operates in the 10-100 kHz range and is suitable for a single frequency, multifrequency point, or spectroscopic measurements.