Modified Unexpended Energy Based Stable Cluster Head Selection for Homogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs)

The LEACH protocol is a random cluster head (CH) selection method that is an imposing way to give the cluster head opportunity among the nodes. In such randomization number of CHs vary in a wide range. In the worst case, the LEACH protocol gives zero CHs. The different LEACH-based protocols are developed, such as E-LEACH and RCH-LEACH, where unexpended energy of nodes is considered in CHs selection for efficient energy utilization and coverage enhancement. In these algorithms, the CHs selection methods improve the performance parameters, mainly the coverage, network lifetime, FND, HND, and LND, but the poor lower bound on CHs adversely affects the performance parameters of the network. This article proposed a LEACH-based improved algorithm for CH selection and used the unexpended node energy as an essential parameter for stabilizing the cluster heads. The proposed algorithm improves the lower bound on CHs and gives a stable 5% cluster head count. The simulation result shows that the stable cluster head count improves the FND, LND, and alive node performance of the wireless sensor network compared to the LEACH, E-LEACH, and RCH-LEACH algorithms.