Tri-Mode Periodic Offset Rampart Line Leaky-Wave Antenna

A tri-mode periodic offset rampart line leaky-wave antenna (LWA) is presented in this paper. The LWA supports three operating modes within different bands: backfire radiation mode, beam scanning mode, and endfire radiation mode. In the backfire radiation mode from 3.5 to 4.6 GHz, the main beam steers at-90° with the realized gain of 6.5-10.7 dBi. In the beam scanning mode from 4.7 to 8.2 GHz, the LWA covers a scanning range from -90° to 38° with the realized gain of 4.8-8.9 dBi. In the endfire radiation mode from 11 to 11.8 GHz, the main beam points to 90° and the realized gain is from 10.4 to 14.7 dBi.