Energy Management and Performances Evaluation of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Battery Electric Vehicle

Hybrid electric vehicles are strategy to protect ecosystems, climate change and reduce the need for fossil fuels. Some of the energy sources used to develop these vehicles are batteries and fuel cells (FCs). However, in some scenarios, FC cannot guarantee the energy required for life in the long term. Electricity storage systems (ESSs) are suitable candidates for solving FC transient response problems. The proposed storage system consists of Ultra Batteries (UBs). The combination of FC and UB in electric vehicles is called FCBEV. The energy consumption model of a FCBEV is adopted by considering the power losses of various components, such as the fuel cell, electric motor, the state of charge (SOC) of the battery, and breaks. This paper aims to theoretically study a method to improve the efficiency of FC batteries, by implementing a reinforcement-learning energy management strategy (EMS), pursuing this scope through the optimization of the hydrogen fuel consumption per 100 km. The performance of the FCBEV proposed is verified through numerical simulations, mainly performed under MATLAB environment, over driving cycles.