I. Introduction
Advances in transcranial focused ultrasound (FUS) have made treatment possible for many conditions that would otherwise be highly invasive or risk adverse to remediate. When thermal treatment mechanisms are sought, continuous-wave, high powered FUS can be leveraged to selectively heat [1] or necrose tissue via thermal coagulation, while sparing surrounding brain regions [2], [3]. Transcranial FUS thermoablation is being investigated for a variety of conditions including brain tumours [4] as well as movement [5]–[7] and psychiatric disorders [8]. Alternatively, pulsed FUS in combination with pre-formed microbubbles typically used in diagnostic ultrasound [9] can be exploited to induce bio-effects [10] and modulate the permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) [11] for targeted drug delivery to the brain. This technique is also being explored to treat brain tumours [12], [13] as well as several neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease [14], [15] and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis [16].