Penetration of sea ice by air-dropped projectiles

Since 1961, Sandia Laboratories has had a continuing program on projectile penetration of in-situ earth materials. This program has resulted in a new technology, called terra-dynamics, which has been used in a variety of military and peaceful applications. During the past four years this technology has been extended to include the penetration of sea ice. Three test programs have been conducted in the Arctic in the development of an ice penetration technology and of various ice penetrator systems.