I. Introduction
The recently completed Human Genome Project (HGP) revealed a wealth of information about our genetic blueprint and has dramatically changed biological and biomedical research [1], [2]. A decade-long international endeavor, HGP provided a reference human genome sequence derived from the DNA samples of several volunteers. Following this achievement, genomes of more individuals were sequenced—either fully or partially—thus enabling studies of genetic variations and of the effects they have on human health and medical treatments [3]–[5]. These variations cause hereditary diseases such as Huntington's, cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia. They are also in part responsible for complex diseases including cancer, heart disease and diabetes, and determine how our bodies metabolize various medications. Today, tests which detect variations in individual genetic makeup can be used to determine appropriate dosage and effects of certain chemotherapy drugs, anticoagulants, and antidepressants. In the foreseeable future, an individual's genetic makeup, inferred by means of DNA sequencing, will help determine susceptibility to a broad range of chronic and acute diseases or disorders, enable the discovery and clinical testing of new pharmaceutical products, and personalize and improve the delivery of health care.