I. Introduction
Cavitation may play a role in stone comminution and in collateral tissue injury during shock wave lithotripsy (SWL).[3], [4] Hyperecho indicative of bubbles has been observed in the collecting system and surrounding the kidney in vivo with B-mode ultrasound.[5], [6] Cavitation has also been detected in vivo with a single focused hydrophone,[7], [8] however it is difficult to be sure detection was within tissue. Cleveland et al [1] engineered and tested in vitro the use of 2 focused receivers and coincidence detection to better resolve the location of the cavitation. Here, we report the simultaneous use of dual passive cavitation detection (PCD) and B-mode imaging to detect cavitation in kidney tissue during exposure to lithotripter shock waves.