TLM (transmission-line modeling method) applied to grounding systems

The use of TLM-TD (transmission-line modeling method time domain) to analyze problems of high frequency transient behavior of grounding systems is presented. A set of TLM numerical simulations was developed for different grounding configurations, usually employed to protect electrical installation in high or low voltages. Rods, wires or grids can compose the configurations, which are excited by lightning currents. Results were obtained to compare TLM method with other references. In addition, an investigation on the use of stratified or nonstratified soil was developed.