Spectral propagation methods for OEIC design

We review bi-directional propagation algorithms based upon the free space radiation mode (FSRM) and half-space radiation mode (HSRM) methods and their use in the design of complex, three dimensional, OEIC components. Finally, we address the linking of FD-BPM and fast spectral propagation models to exploit the flexibility of the former and the speed of the latter.