Nonlinear Effects in Mode-Division-Multiplexed Transmission Over Few-Mode Optical Fiber

Focusing on the essential parameters concerning nonlinear effects between two spatial modes, we give a general estimation of the nonlinear performance in a wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) mode-division-multiplexed (MDM) polarization-division-multiplexed (PDM) quaternary phase-shift keying (QPSK) 100-Gb/s coherent transmission system.