Impedance-based fault location analysis for transmission lines

This paper presents a review of the state of the art for fault location methods in transmission lines based on calculations of impedance. The motivations that led to these methods are explained historically. Also, a critical analysis, showing the advantages and disadvantages of each of them and their most common applications, is performed. Finally, a comparative analysis between two of the most widely used methods is carried out using real faults, in order to show the results' sensitivity to changes in the line parameters.