Understanding dynamic behavior of mm-wave CML divider with injection-locking concept

An analytical framework has been developed to describe the locking behavior of millimeter (mm) wave current mode logic (CML) frequency divider. Unlike traditional analysis based on RC delay, the proposed model is established with injection-locking concept from analog perspective. Both analytical formulas and graphic interpretation are provided for design insights. The model has been validated by exhaustive simulations and important guidelines have been concluded for circuit design.